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--- 325:questions:week_9_questions_comments-325_17 [2017/03/23 12:10] – [Christine Kleinegger – “Out of the Barns and into the Kitchens: Transformations in Farm Women’s Work in the First Half of the Twentieth Century.”] jmcclurken
+++ 325:questions:week_9_questions_comments-325_17 [2019/10/23 20:15] (current) – 192.65.245.89
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 This article was very interesting because I did not realize that color photography date back as far as the 1840s. In the earlier stages of color photography it was very time consuming work, in addition to being expensive. This allowed color photography to be reserved for the elite who had the means to use and manipulate it to make it better. Bennett explains how this changed when George Eastman introduced flexible film in the 1880s. The social dynamic changed, "thereby bringing photography within reach of the general public, and changing it from an elitist pastime for the rich to a popular hobby.” (pg 132). The use of simpler cameras allowed for color photography to reach a broader audience. -Nicole Spreeman
+I found this article very intriguing because of the dynamic history of colored film. I was surprised that in the 1840's when colored film was first invented that it wasn't initially popular. Despite being expensive and time consuming I can't believe that the kind of technological advancement wouldn't come close to being widely popular until the mid 30's almost 100 years after the invention's creation. I think that it is an achievement that is often taken for granted in today's world. I certainly did not think much about how cameras and television adapted color until I read this article and I use my cellphone camera everyday. So to know the evolution from three colored filters to and HD camera in my back pocket is truly mind blowing.-Kendell Jenkins
 “Kodachrome film was in short supply for many years, and was eagerly sought by amateur British Enthusiasts.” This article brings forth the idea that the early on dominance battle between England and America came from not only agriculture, weapons, and other necessary pieces of technology, but the entertainment segment as well. In America, Kodak made quicker advancements than England did in this field of colored pictures. I find it interesting to see that even as late as 1942, they were still trying to catch up to each other in the technology realm.--Kelsey Dean
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 Reading this article makes me realize that I take the ability to capture high-quality photographs whenever I want for granted. At the beginning of the semester, **we discussed how technology is a product of human want and desire. Few inventions embody that more than color photography. I am struck by the extent to which society was captivated by color photography: “The film was welcomed with euphoria by the photographic public” (**134). According to the text, “In the space of a few years the serious amateur could become a good and admired photographer without possessing a dark room or any of its related skills” (139). This is reflective of what we see today with smartphones and online platforms like YouTube and social media: anybody can be a photographer or a news breaker. Photographic technology evolved from being a product exclusively for the elites, to being a product whose demand greatly exceeded its supply, to companies bringing smaller-sized products to market, and to having the prices drop significantly by the seventies and eighties. This timeline is eerily familiar to how modern technology like smartphones, laptops, and gaming consoles, evolves today.- Yousef Nasser
+"I really loved reading this article! I find the craze surrounding the color photograph to be similar to the advancements that have been regarding the mobile phone's ability to take "pictures better than those before". Photography, at least the equipment to take stunning pictures was made to be more accessible, making the classic photographer's job seem as something people without a background in the subject could still easily pursue. This is also followed by the idea that now that we can do this aspect of photography-- I crave the ability to do more. Which in relation to today I see the improvement of photo quality on mobiles and the technology that enables you to edit a photo so it looks the way you'd like (such as Photoshop, etc.)" - Danielle Howard
+I found this article fascinating mostly because I love photography myself, and it was really interesting to read about the beginnings of the art form. One thing that struck me the most is how similar some of the processes still are for developing film - different colored filters are still occasionally used to develop color (and black and white) film in the darkroom. The idea of filters has been transferred to our digital cameras now too, on more advanced platforms like Photoshop in addition to every-day platforms like Instagram and even Snapchat. The progression of technology in this way is pretty impressive - going from using literal filters in film development to using digital ones with just the click of a button.
+- Megan P.
+The mechanization of the dairy process (found on page 174) is a nice microcosm of the mechanization of agriculture. Because of an increasing percentage of the population living in cities, farms near cities could not supply all of the necessary milk. The increasing demand and decreasing labor force meant mechanization was the only way to keep up. American technological advancements making up for an insufficient labor force has been a recurring theme in this class. -Nick Skibinski
+I really enjoyed this reading about how photography changed over time.  I myself enjoy taking pictures maybe more then others.  It amazing how its started with film cameras to using a phone to take photos that has clear image.
+Daryl
 ==== Christine Kleinegger – “Out of the Barns and into the Kitchens: Transformations in Farm Women’s Work in the First Half of the Twentieth Century.” ====
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 ==== Venus Green, African American Women in the Bell System, 1945-1980  (1995) ====
-In Greene’s piece she argues that African American women are crucial to the overall history of all workers (270). In Graham’s telephone system, black women began to replace white women as operators. This change was facilitated as telephone operators became more obsolete. (271) The Bell system encouraged mostly white women instead of women of color to advance to higher positions. (268) Even unions discriminated against black women. For instance, TTU claimed “reverse racism” because black women were hired for lower level jobs. Therefore, Green argues that racism crossed gender lines. As the Bell system evolved, the company placed women of color into clerical positions which were a great distance from their homes (275). Ultimately Greene argues that the Bell system “limited the employment of African American women…Telephone companies offered black women employment only as operators or low level clerks at the very time that white women’s opportunities expanded.” (281) Therefore, black women were displaced when newer technology replaced them. (281)
+In Greene’s piece she argues that African American women are crucial to the overall history of all workers (270). In Graham’s telephone system, black women began to replace white women as operators. This change was facilitated as telephone operators became more obsolete. (271) The Bell system encouraged mostly white women instead of women of color to advance to higher positions. (268) Even unions discriminated against black women. For instance, TTU claimed “reverse racism” because black women were hired for lower level jobs. **Therefore, Green argues that racism crossed gender lines. As the Bell system evolved, the company placed women of color into clerical positions which were a great distance from their homes (275). Ultimately Greene argues that the Bell system “limited the employment of African American women…Telephone companies offered black women employment only as operators or low level clerks at the very time that white women’s opportunities expanded.”** (281) Therefore, black women were displaced when newer technology replaced them. (281)
  --- //[[ejames@umw.edu|James, Emily B.]] 2017/03/22 14:47//
 ==== Other readings ====
-"Some Notes on Vocational Guidance"-Waddel
+"Some Notes on Vocational Guidance"-J.A.L. Waddell
-The values of American society in the early 20th century are made clear by Waddel’s statement that “Engineering, and after it surgery and medicine, may well be considered the most vital and critical of professions” (155). As we can see, mechanical knowledge and ability is ranked higher than saving lives in terms of importance to society. Also, this society is one driven by the traditionally male disciplines that called for only the most psychologically qualified and intellectually robust “young men” (156).  For the first time, we see a shift from the value of people to a value of things, such as structures and possessions. This change in mentality will come to define American culture in the 21st century and has led to the obsession with “the race to the top” concept of materialism. --- //[[htaylor2@umw.edu|Taylor Heather L.]] 2017/03/22 19:27//
+**The values of American society in the early 20th century are made clear by Waddel’s statement that “Engineering, and after it surgery and medicine, may well be considered the most vital and critical of professions” (155). As we can see, mechanical knowledge and ability is ranked higher than saving lives in terms of importance to society.** Also, this society is one driven by the **traditionally male disciplines** that called for only the most psychologically qualified and intellectually robust “young men” (156).  For the first time, we see a shift from the value of people to a value of things, such as structures and possessions. This change in mentality will come to define American culture in the 21st century and has led to the obsession with “the race to the top” concept of materialism. --- //[[htaylor2@umw.edu|Taylor Heather L.]] 2017/03/22 19:27//
-Waddell talks about the value of engineering as a field and "disciples themselves should be well assured of their qualifications" (155). There is suddenly a value put on those who have had extensive schooling or training as engineers. Waddell also discuses the idea of educating the public on the field by "write-ups from time to time in the newspapers...telling about the engineering profession in general, and incidentally referring to the suggested book, would be exceedingly helpful" (157). As a result the society grew to have a admiration and reverence for engineers, "If the youth of the country were thoroughly posted about the profession of engineering, its scope, its difficulties and its rewards, there would be fewer applicants for admission to its ranks," (157). This idea of the difficulty that daunts many who consider an engineering career or degree began in the 20th century and carried on into modern day society views on Engineering. - Laura b. Downs
+Waddell talks about the value of engineering as a field and "disciples themselves should be well assured of their qualifications" (155). There is suddenly a value put on those who have had extensive schooling or training as engineers. **Waddell also discuses the idea of educating the public on the field by "write-ups from time to time in the newspapers...telling about the engineering profession in general, and incidentally referring to the suggested book, would be exceedingly helpful" (157). As a result the society grew to have a admiration and reverence for engineers, "If the youth of the country were thoroughly posted about the profession of engineering, its scope, its difficulties and its rewards, there would be fewer applicants for admission to its ranks," (157).** This idea of the difficulty that daunts many who consider an engineering career or degree began in the 20th century and carried on into modern day society views on Engineering. - Laura b. Downs