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+Considering chapter 3 from Madness in the City, did formerly enslaved people’s use of Saint Elizabeth serve another purpose besides asserting their right to use the institution for medical care? — Ruth Curran
+Considering chapter 3 from Madness in the City, How would the white people’s view of freed enslaved people affect their ability to integrate into their lives as free people? — Ruth Curran
+Chapter Five discusses how many attendants were captured by the Confederates and used as medical personnel for their war cause. Patients were also kidnapped, and there does not seem to be any, let alone enough emphasis on keeping track of these patients and attendants. I think the fact that they were African American made them appear to be more expendable. Joey Welch
 Were more African Americans "cured" and discharged during this period? Or were there simply more admissions, which led to lines of thinking more in line with J.F. Miller. -RJD
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 . Gonaver mentions that many African-American women’s diagnosis of imbelicity was classified as being caused by religion. How was this connection justified? -NG
+. In our reading by Martin Summers, it states that “the number of insane Americans had increased by a remarkable 145 percent between 1870 and 1880, as an average of 54.5 percent during the two preceding decades.” I’m curious to know why the numbers increased so rapidly during this time period as compared to the previous. -Jake Martin
+. Why was the rising rates of “insanity” within the African American population during this time seen as a way for people to push the psychiatric theory that mental illness was caused by situations within civilization? To me, this seems like a way for Southerners to instill their racist ideologies into a bigger picture and culture during the reconstruction period following the war. -Jake Martin
+. It’s interesting how at institutions like St. Elizabeth’s, there was a significant barrier in treatment between white psychiatrists and black patients, in part due to the idea of a “presumption of a primitive, or child-like, black psyche” among institutionalists. In what ways then was being black seemingly considered by these institutionalists and psychiatrists itself a mental disorder? -RM
+. The idea of a “disease of civilization” is very interesting to me for its many layers of screwed up that it is—in the modern day I think there is a lot of talk about “rejecting society” and turning back to the “natural way.” Those ideas are never framed as particularly regressive or primitive, however, and are generally seen quite positively these days. That idea, while on its face neutral, is much the same one that people like Gooding used to argue that freed formerly enslaved people “couldn’t handle” the pressures of modern society, implicitly (if not explicitly) saying that freedmen were too “primitive” to understand society, and it was up to whites to “help” them, either through an economic apparatus like slavery, or a medical apparatus like an asylum. -RM