{"id":926,"date":"2023-09-26T01:07:44","date_gmt":"2023-09-26T01:07:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/history471.teresafelipe.org\/?p=37"},"modified":"2023-09-26T01:07:44","modified_gmt":"2023-09-26T01:07:44","slug":"proposal-and-annotated-bibliography-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/uncategorized\/proposal-and-annotated-bibliography-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Proposal and Annotated Bibliography"},"content":{"rendered":"

Proposal<\/strong><\/p>\n

Blackwell\u2019s Island, now known as Roosevelt Island, is a small island in New York\u2019s East River. It is about 2 miles long and is situated between Manhattan Island and Long Island. Blackwell\u2019s Island, after being purchased by the city of New York in 1828, housed some of the city\u2019s most notorious and destitute citizens. The island was home to several facilities, including an insane asylum. Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum was made famous partly due to one brave reporter, Nellie Bly, who faked a mental illness in order to be admitted to the asylum for ten days. After these ten days Bly came out with publications in the newspaper the World<\/em> telling of her experiences inside the asylum. This tell all by Bly alerted the public to the atrocities that patients were facing. Her publications received so much attention that she compiled them into a book, at the beginning of which she states that her accounts had a positive effect on those being treated in the asylum.\u00a0<\/p>\n

This project proposes an investigation into how Bly changed the running of Blackwell\u2019s Island Asylum as well as the running of American asylums in general. This will be accomplished by examining several sources on Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum, as well as some examinations into Nellie Bly. A major primary source that will be utilized in this project is Bly\u2019s book, Ten Days in a Madhouse.<\/em> Furthermore, the project will investigate sources such as William Logie Russell\u2019s work, The New York Hospital: A History of Psychiatric Service, 1771-1936<\/em>, which gives a detailed account of the history of the psychiatric services offered at the New York Hospital. This source, as well as others will assist in contextualizing how asylums changed throughout the years. The purpose and goal of the project is to find major changes and improvements in the running of asylums soon after the time Nellie Bly published her works.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Annotated Bibliography<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cBefore Rikers, Blackwell\u2019s Was DOC\u2019s Island Home.\u201d Blackwell\u2019s Island Part 1. Accessed\u00a0September 10, 2023. https:\/\/www.correctionhistory.org\/html\/chronicl\/nycdoc\/html\/blakwel1.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This source discusses the history of Blackwell\u2019s Island and the institutions on it. It talks about when they were first founded and how all of these buildings were actually created through labor of those convicted in the prison on the island. This source will aid the project by giving insight and information into the history of Blackwell\u2019s Island as well as the history of the other facilities on the island.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Bernstein, Anne E., and Shryn A. Lenhart. The Psychodynamic Treatment of Women.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, 2005.<\/p>\n

This work by Anne E. Bernstein (M.D.) and Shryn A. Lenhart (M.D.) is about the <\/p>\n

psychodynamic treatment of women. This means there will be discussions on major psychiatric issues for women and the unconscious processes they pick up. This type of treatment begins withSigmund Freud and has continued to be built upon, mostly by women in the psychiatric field. This work will aid the project by showing more modern treatment types for women with mental health problems. This work will help in comparing how mental health treatment of women has changed since Nellie Bly wrote about her experiences in the nineteenth century.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u201cBlackwell\u2019s Island Asylum.\u201d Asylum Project. Last modified August 29, 2020.\u00a0<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.asylumprojects.org\/index.php\/Blackwell%27s_Island_Asylum<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This website gives an overview of the history of Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum. It discusses the asylum\u2019s and the island\u2019s background and goes into the history of the asylum. Furthermore, the website also talks about Nellie Bly and the part she took in this asylum\u2019s history. This website will assist the project by giving information on the history of Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u201cBlackwell\u2019s Island (Roosevelt Island), New York City.\u201d National Parks Page. Last modified\u00a0<\/p>\n

April 5, 2021. https:\/\/www.nps.gov\/places\/blackwell-s-island-new-york-city.htm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The National Parks Service put together information on Blackwell\u2019s Island, also known as Roosevelt Island. This website gives an overview of the history of the island as well as a history of the facilities the island used to house. This source will be helpful to the project because it gives insight into the history of Blackwell\u2019s Island.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Bly, Nellie. Ten Days in a Mad-House; or, Nellie Bly\u2019s Experience on Blackwell\u2019s Island.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Feigning Insanity in Order to Reveal Asylum Horrors. The Trying Ordeal of the New York World\u2019s Girl Corresponden<\/em>t. Project Gutenberg, n.d. <\/p>\n

This book compiles all of Nellie Bly\u2019s accounts of her time inside of Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum. These entries were originally published one by one in the newspaper, the World<\/em> in 1887. These accounts highlight the cruel treatment the women admitted into the insane asylum faced. Bly\u2019s purpose was to expose what really happened inside this asylum to the public. This book of Bly\u2019s experiences will assist the project by providing a firsthand account of what Bly experienced and how Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum operated.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Boardman, Samantha, and George J. Makari. \u201cThe Lunatic Asylum on Blackwell\u2019s Island and\u00a0the New York Press.\u201d American Journal of Psychiatry<\/em> (April 2007), accessed September 10, 2023. https:\/\/ajp.psychiatryonline.org\/doi\/full\/10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.4.581<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This article by the American Journal of Psychiatry<\/em> discusses the history of Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum. It discusses how it was originally designed to be a \u201cstate-of-the-art institution based on the theories of moral treatment\u201d but how that original design was never completed due to financial setbacks. The article goes on to mention how patients were mistreated and continues to discuss Nellie Bly\u2019s impact after she went undercover in the asylum. This article will assist the project because it discusses the impact Nellie Bly as well as other forms of media had on the asylum.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Dolan, Michael. \u201cRoosevelt Island\u201d American History<\/em>. Vol. 54. World History Group, LLC,\u00a0<\/p>\n

2019.<\/p>\n

This small infographic by Michael Dolan gives a brief overview of information on Roosevelt Island. Dolan recounts some of the information that Stacy Horn gives in her book Damnation Island: Poor, Sick, Mad & Criminal in 19th-Century New York.<\/em> Dolan recounts how Nellie Bly and other reporters put the institutes on Blackwell\u2019s Island through the mud and ruined their reputations. This source will assist the project by giving further insight into the effects reporters, such as Bly, had on Blackwell\u2019s Island.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Dwyer, Ellen. Homes for the Mad\u202f: Life Inside Two Nineteenth-Century Asylums<\/em>. New\u00a0<\/p>\n

Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1987. <\/p>\n

In this monograph, author Ellen Dwyer aims to examine two different nineteenth century asylums. However, Dwyer argues that most studies into asylums dissolves into arguments and debates on the \u201csocial control functions\u201d of asylums at the time. Dwyer wishes to have her examination take a closer look at the internal and external histories of asylums during the nineteenth century. She aims to have a more positive, and less negatively influenced study into these asylums. This source will aid the project by providing information on how asylums in the nineteenth century worked from sources that are not just from one person\u2019s experience in hopes of getting a wider understanding of the asylums.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Earle, Harriet E. H. \u201c\u2018A Convenient Place for Inconvenient People\u2019: Madness, Sex and the\u00a0<\/p>\n

Asylum in American Horror Story.\u201d Journal of Popular Culture<\/em> 50, no. 2 (2017): 259\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpcu.12508<\/a>. <\/p>\n

This article by Harriet E. H. Earle discusses the historical accuracy of the TV show American Horror Story: Asylum.<\/em> In this article, Earle goes over the history of the asylum, as well as talks about the image of asylums and how they are remembered. She further scrutinizes womens\u2019 roles and how they are treated, or viewed in popular media adaptations of asylums. This source will assist the project because it studies how asylums are remembered today and gives some insight into the history of asylums as well.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Grob, Gerald N. Mental Illness and American Society, 1875-1940.<\/em> NJ: Princeton University\u00a0Press, 1983.<\/p>\n

In this work, Gerald Grob aims to analyze the experiences that the American society went through when they were trying to effectively deal with mental illness through both a social and medical lens. Doing this Grob describes the complex relationships that existed between patients, psychiatrists, institutions, and government between the years of 1875-1940. This study will aid the project by giving insight into how mental institutions and the relationship with the public changed in the time period.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Kroeger, Brooke. Nellie Bly\u202f: Daredevil, Reporter, Feminist<\/em>. 1st ed. New York: Times Books,\u00a01994.<\/p>\n

In this monograph, Brooke Kroeger writes a biography of Nellie Bly\u2019s life. Kroeger mentions how there remains very little sources on Nellie Bly, which is odd considering the major impact she had on the field of journalism and the waves she made for feminists. Kroeger goes on to argue that the reason she wrote this biography was to showcase the wonder that is Nellie Bly. In this book, Kroeger includes a whole section on Bly\u2019s time with the New York World<\/em>, the paper she wrote for when she faked a mental illness to get into Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum. This source will thus assist the project by giving information on Bly\u2019s life, both before, during, and after her time in the asylum. It will assist in pointing out the profound effects Bly had.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Lutes, Jean Marie. \u201cInto the Madhouse with Nellie Bly: Girl Stunt Reporting in Late\u00a0<\/p>\n

Nineteenth-Century America.\u201d American Quarterly<\/em> 54, no. 2 (2002): 217\u201353. <\/p>\n

In this essay, Jean Marie Lutes analyzes Nellie Bly\u2019s accounts in Ten Days in a Mad-House<\/em>. Lutes aims to examine Bly\u2019s impact on the history of journalism, women writing, as well as womens\u2019 access to the public sphere. Though this source has a focus on Bly\u2019s impact on journalism and womens\u2019 rights, it will also assist the project by examining her impact on the asylum.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

McGrath, Patrick. \u201cBedlam on the East River: Roosevelt Island Was Once Home to\u00a0<\/p>\n

Squalid Prisons and Asylums.\u201d New York Times<\/em> (1923-). New York, N.Y: New York Times Company, 2018.   <\/p>\n

This New York Times<\/em> article is a review of Stacy Horn\u2019s book Damnation Island: Poor, Sick, Mad & Criminal in 19th-Century New York<\/em>. In this review McGrath discusses Thomas Kirkbride\u2019s impact on mental institutions and highlights Horn\u2019s argument that \u201ccrowding . . . disparate populations together\u201d did immense evil. This source will be beneficial to the project because it gives an easily accessible overview of Horn\u2019s arguments.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Noble, Iris. Nellie Bly: First Woman Reporter (1867-1922).<\/em> New York: Julian Messner Inc.,\u00a01956.<\/p>\n

This monograph is a biography on the life of Nellie Bly. Author Iris Noble argues that Bly was the most famous women reporter of her day, and that she was the first women reporter. The source gives an overview of Bly\u2019s life from when she decided she wanted to be a reporter in her teens, to her death. The source will assist the project by giving background information on Bly\u2019s life as well as her major accomplishments.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Paranick, Amber. \u201c\u2018\u2019Behind Asylum Bars:\u2019 Nellie Bly Reporting from Blackwell\u2019s Island.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

Library of Congress<\/em> (blog). November 8, 2022. Accessed September 10, 2023. https:\/\/blogs.loc.gov\/headlinesandheroes\/2022\/11\/nellie-bly-blackwells-island\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This blog post by Amber Paranick on the Library of Congress website discusses Nellie Bly\u2019s book Ten Days in a Mad-House<\/em>. In this post Paranick argues that Bly was the \u201coriginal muckraker\u201d and that she gave a voice and platform to women reporters starting with her work in the Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum. This source will aid the project by giving insight on Bly\u2019s time in the asylum and the profound effects she had.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Richmond, Julius B. \u201cTHE HULL HOUSE ERA: Vintage Years for Children.\u201d American\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Journal of Orthopsychiatry<\/em> 65, no. 1 (1995): 10\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0085065<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In this article, Julius B. Richmond goes over the history of the Hull House and their commitment to the care of children. Richmond further examines how the increase of social and developmental problems for children and families affected the increased concern for those less fortunate and grew the interest in social work and developmental sciences. This source will aid the project by providing insight into how people in the late nineteenth century approached philosophy work and compare these findings to society\u2019s response to Nellie Bly\u2019s accounts of the asylum on Blackwell\u2019s Island.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Roche, Rick. \u201cDamnation Island: Poor, Sick, Mad & Criminal in 19th-Century New York.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n

Booklist<\/em>. Chicago: American Library Association, 2018. <\/p>\n

This short review by Rick Roche gives an overview of what Blackwell\u2019s Island is and the idea the city of New York had when they first purchased the island. Roche goes on to continue stating that though the plans for the island seemed good, the \u201cpenny pinching commissioners and corrupt bureaucrats\u201d ran these plans to the ground and caused suffering, crowding, and mistreatment of patients. This source will assist the project by giving information on the history of the institutions on Blackwell\u2019s island and how they went downhill.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Russell, William Logie. The New York Hospital: A History of Psychiatric Service, 1771-1936.<\/em>\u00a0New York: Columbia University Press, 1945.<\/p>\n

This work includes the history of the New York Hospital. It includes accounts of the first New York hospital and its psychiatry department and retells the development of the hospital and psychiatric treatment from 1771-1939. This work will be helpful to the project because it will inform on how the treatment and approach to psychiatric care changed over the time period, a time period which includes Nellie Bly\u2019s articles and the after effects of it.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Spinelli, Michelle Alison. \u201c\u2018Sound the Alarm\u2019: Patient Experience, Print Culture, and the\u00a0<\/p>\n

American Asylum in the Nineteenth Century.\u201d ProQuest Dissertations<\/em> Publishing, 2020. <\/p>\n

Michelle Alison Spinelli, in this dissertation, examines how patient experiences in nineteenth century American asylums were portrayed in popular media at the time. She pairs this examination with context of the time and how the culture at the time allowed for asylum reforms. This dissertation will be helpful to the project because it discusses such topics such as asylum reform as well as how asylums were portrayed in media such as Bly\u2019s accounts.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Warren, Carol A. B. Madwives\u202f: Schizophrenic Women in the 1950s<\/em>. New Brunswick: Rutgers\u00a0University Press, 1987.<\/p>\n

This monograph by  Carol Warren is about the life of women in the 1950\u2019s and dealing with marriage and mental hospitalization at the time. Warren claims the work to be a \u201cstudy of gender\u201d since she interviewed and studied seven women, their husbands, children, and social circles. The women were put into the same mental institution for the same diagnosis. This work will be beneficial to the project because it will show and discuss how the treatment of women has changed from when Nellie Bly experienced and wrote about the treatments in the late nineteenth century in Blackwell\u2019s Island Insane Asylum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Proposal Blackwell\u2019s Island, now known as Roosevelt Island, is a small island in New York\u2019s East River. It is about 2 miles long and is situated between Manhattan Island and Long Island. Blackwell\u2019s Island, after being purchased by the city of New York in 1828, housed some of the city\u2019s most notorious and destitute citizens. [\u2026]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/926","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=926"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/926\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":927,"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/926\/revisions\/927"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=926"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=926"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/courses.mcclurken.org\/HistoryOfMentalHealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=926"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}